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Group portrait of Mughal emperors, from Babur to Aurangzeb, with their Turkic ancestor Timur seated in the middle. On the left: Shah Jahan, Akbar and Babur, with Abu Sa'id of Samarkand and Timur's son, Miran Shah. On the right: Aurangzeb, Jahangir and Humayun, and two of Timur's other offspring Umar Shaykh and Muhammad Sultan.
The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India.
Babur (Persian: [βɑː.βuɾ]; 14 February 1483 – 26 December 1530; born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad) was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively. [4][5][6] He was also given the posthumous name of Firdaws Makani ('Dwelling in Paradise').
The Mughal dynasty (Persian: دودمان مغل, romanized: Dudmân-e Mughal) or the House of Babur (Persian: خاندانِ آلِ بابُر, romanized: Khāndān-e-Āl-e-Bābur), was a branch of the Timurid dynasty founded by Babur that ruled the Mughal Empire from its inception in 1526 till the early eighteenth century, and then as ceremonial suzerains over much of the empire until 1857.
1. Babur (1483 –1531) 2. Humayun (1508 –1556) Masuma Sultan Begum: Kamran Mirza (1509 –1557) Gulchehra Begum: Askari Mirza (1516 –1557/1558) Hindal Mirza
Rustam Khan †. Qasim Khan. The Mughal war of succession of 1658–1659 was a war of succession fought between the four sons of Shah Jahan: Aurangzeb, Dara Shikoh, Murad Bakhsh, and Shah Shuja, in hopes of gaining the Mughal Throne. Prior to the death of Shah Jahan, each of his sons held governorships during their father's reign.
Muhammad bin Tughluq (Muhammad II) c. 1290. 20 March 1351. 1 February 1325. 20 March 1351. Son of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq. 19. Firuz Shah Tughlaq (Firuz III) 1309.
Jahandar Shah. Azim-ush-Shan. Farrukh-Siyar. Azam Shah †. Bidar Bakht †. Kam Bakhsh (DOW) The Mughal war of succession (1707–1709)[1][2][3] or the Mughal Civil War[citation needed] was a period of political disorder and armed conflict over succession in the Mughal Empire following the death of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in March 1707.