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Diagramatic representation of mucosal erosion (left), excoriation (center), and ulceration (right) Simplistic representation of the life cycle of mouth ulcers. An ulcer (/ ˈ ʌ l s ər /; from Latin ulcus, "ulcer, sore") [2] is a break in the skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue and the disintegration and necrosis of epithelial tissue. [3]
Aphthous stomatitis, [2] or recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), commonly referred to as a canker sore or salt blister, is a common condition characterized by the repeated formation of benign and non-contagious mouth ulcers (aphthae) in otherwise healthy individuals.
Aphthous stomatitis (canker sores) is the recurrent appearance of mouth ulcers in otherwise healthy individuals. The cause is not completely understood, but it is thought that the condition represents a T cell mediated immune response which is triggered by a variety of factors.
Mouth infections are usually diagnosed on history and physical exam in the dental office or at a clinic visit with an otolaryngologist. [1] Swelling within the oral cavity or cheeks, along with a history of progressively worsening tooth pain and fevers, is usually enough evidence to support the diagnosis of a mouth infection.
The first attack may also be accompanied by fever, sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes. [1] [9] The rash usually heals within ten days, but the virus remains dormant in the trigeminal ganglion. [1] The virus may periodically reactivate to create another outbreak of sores in the mouth or lip. [1]
The mouth may act as a reservoir of Candida that reinfects the sores at the corners of the mouth and prevents the sores from healing. [citation needed] A lesion caused by recurrence of a latent herpes simplex infection can occur in the corner of the mouth. This is herpes labialis (a cold sore), and is sometimes termed "angular herpes simplex". [2]
Herpetic gingivostomatitis is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). The HSV is a double-stranded DNA virus categorised into two types; HSV-1 and HSV-2.HSV-1 is predominantly responsible for oral, facial and ocular infections whereas HSV-2 is responsible for most genital and cutaneous lower herpetic lesions.
Oral hygiene is the mainstay of treatment; patients are encouraged to clean their mouth every four hours and at bedtime, more often if the mucositis becomes worse. [citation needed] Water-soluble jellies can be used to lubricate the mouth. Salt mouthwash can soothe the pain and keep food particles clear so as to avoid infection.