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Two enantiomeric pair in which all three pairs of identical ligands are cis. These are equivalent to the Δ vs Λ isomers mentioned above. The number of possible isomers can reach 30 for an octahedral complex with six different ligands (in contrast, only two stereoisomers are possible for a tetrahedral complex with four different ligands).
The system most often studied for the cis effect is an octahedral complex M(CO) 5 X where X is the ligand that will labilize a CO ligand cis to it. Unlike the trans effect, which is most often observed in 4-coordinate square planar complexes, the cis effect is observed in 6-coordinate octahedral transition metal complexes.
The descriptors cis (Latin, on this side of) [2] and trans (Latin, over, beyond) [3] are used in various contexts for the description of chemical configurations: [4] [5] In organic structural chemistry , the configuration of a double bond can be described with cis and trans , in case it has a simple substitution pattern with only two residues.
For octahedral complexes of formula MX 4 Y 2, two isomers also exist. (Here M is a metal atom, and X and Y are two different types of ligands.) In the cis isomer, the two Y ligands are adjacent to each other at 90°, as is true for the two chlorine atoms shown in green in cis-[Co(NH 3) 4 Cl 2] +, at left.
Tetradentate ligands can be neutral so that the charge of the whole complex is the same as the central atom. A tetradentate monoanionic (TMDA) ligand has one donor atom with a negative charge. [ 8 ] A tetradentate dianionic ligand has a double negative charge, and tetradentate trianionic ligands have a triple negative charge.
Dichlorotetrakis(dimethyl sulfoxide) ruthenium(II) describes coordination compounds with the formula RuCl 2 (dmso) 4, where DMSO is dimethylsulfoxide. Both cis and trans isomers are known, but the cis isomer is more common. The cis isomer is a yellow, air-stable solid that is soluble in some organic solvents.
Ni 3 (acac) 6 molecules are almost centrosymmetric, despite the non-centrosymmetric point group of the cis-Ni(acac) 2 "monomers," which is uncommon. [3] The trimeric structure allows all nickel centers to achieve an octahedral coordination. The trimer is only formed if intramolecular sharing of oxygen centers between pairs of nickel centers occurs.
There are four formula units (in this case, discrete molecules) per unit cell, giving a density of 5.09 g·cm −3. [25] The OsF 6 molecule itself (the form important for the liquid or gas phase) has octahedral molecular geometry, which has point group (O h). The Os–F bond length is 1.827 Å. [25] Partial hydrolysis of OsF 6 produces OsOF 4. [26]
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