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  2. Rebound effect (conservation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_effect_(conservation)

    A definition of the rebound effect is provided by Thiesen et al. (2008) [1] as, “the rebound effect deals with the fact that improvements in efficiency often lead to cost reductions that provide the possibility to buy more of the improved product or other products or services.” A classic example from this perspective is a driver who ...

  3. Urban economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_economics

    Many spatial economic topics can be analyzed within either an urban or regional economics framework as some economic phenomena primarily affect localized urban areas while others are felt over much larger regional areas (McCann 2001:3). Arthur O'Sullivan believes urban economics is divided into six related themes: market forces in the ...

  4. Sector model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_model

    The sector model, also known as the Hoyt model, is a model of urban land use proposed in 1939 by land economist Homer Hoyt. [1] It is a modification of the concentric zone model of city development. The benefits of the application of this model include the fact it allows for an outward progression of growth.

  5. Economies of agglomeration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_agglomeration

    Economic: Economic agglomeration can create some economic benefits but also tends to widen the disparity between rich areas and poor areas and increase interregional inequality. [22] Interregional inequality cannot be prevented because it is a necessary stage during economic development.

  6. Urban growth boundary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Growth_Boundary

    An urban growth boundary (UGB) is a regional boundary, set in an attempt to control urban sprawl by, in its simplest form, mandating that the area inside the boundary be used for urban development and the area outside be preserved in its natural state or used for agriculture. Legislating for an urban growth boundary is one way, among many ...

  7. Glossary of economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_economics

    An economic theory that defines wealth by the amount of precious metals owned. [48] business cycle. Also called the economic cycle or trade cycle. The downward and upward movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend. [49] The length of a business cycle is the period of time containing a single boom and contraction ...

  8. Steady-state economy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady-state_economy

    In neoclassical economics, on the other hand, the preoccupation with society's long term growth and development inherent in classical economics was abandoned altogether; instead, economic analysis came to focus on the study of the relationship between given ends and given scarce means, forming the concept of general equilibrium theory within an ...

  9. Economic restructuring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_restructuring

    Economic restructuring is used to indicate changes in the constituent parts of an economy in a very general sense. [1] In the western world, it is usually used to refer to the phenomenon of urban areas shifting from a manufacturing to a service sector economic base.