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DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding .
Lalji Singh (5 July 1947 – 10 December 2017) [3] was an Indian scientist who worked in the field of DNA fingerprinting technology in India and pioneer of Assisted reproductive technology, where he was popularly known as the "Father of Indian DNA fingerprinting". [4]
DNA profiling, based on typing individual highly variable minisatellites in the human genome, was also developed by Alec Jeffreys and his team in 1985, [20] [21] with the term (DNA fingerprinting) being retained for the initial test that types many minisatellites simultaneously. By focusing on just a few of these highly variable minisatellites ...
The decision by the Brazilian government to adopt fingerprint-based biometrics was spearheaded by Dr. Felix Pacheco at Rio de Janeiro, at that time capital of the Federative Republic. Dr. Dr. Pacheco was a friend of Dr. Juan Vucetich , who invented one of the most complete ten-print classification systems in existence.
The development of PCR-based genetic (or DNA) fingerprinting protocols has seen widespread application in forensics: DNA samples are often taken at crime scenes and analyzed by PCR. In its most discriminating form, genetic fingerprinting can uniquely discriminate any one person from the entire population of the world.
Forensic biology is the application of biological principles and techniques in the investigation of criminal and civil cases. [1] [2]Forensic biology is primarily concerned with analyzing biological and serological evidence in order to obtain a DNA profile, which aids law enforcement in the identification of potential suspects or unidentified remains.
A query fingerprint that needs to be matched can therefore be compared with a subset of fingerprints in an existing database. [4] Early classification systems were based on the general ridge patterns, including the presence or absence of circular patterns, of several or all fingers.
Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression , or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. [ 1 ]