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There are many water purifiers available in the market which use different techniques like boiling, filtration, distillation, chlorination, sedimentation and oxidation. Currently nanotechnology plays a vital role in water purification techniques. Nanotechnology is the process of manipulating atoms on a nanoscale. [1]
Applications of nanotechnology – Uses for technology on very small scales; Nanomaterials – Materials whose granular size lies between 1 and 100 nm; Nanotechnology – Technology with features near one nanometer; Ultrafiltration – Filtration by force through a semipermeable membrane; Reverse osmosis – Water purification process
It is being explored to treat ground water, wastewater, soil, sediment, or other contaminated environmental materials. [1] [2] Nanoremediation is an emerging industry; by 2009, nanoremediation technologies had been documented in at least 44 cleanup sites around the world, predominantly in the United States.
Nanotechnology is expected to deal more efficiently with contaminants which convectional water treatment systems struggle to treat, including bacteria, viruses and heavy metals. This efficiency generally stems from the very high specific surface area of nanomaterials, which increases dissolution, reactivity and sorption of contaminants. [13] [14]
Mercury nano-trap water filtration is a method of decontaminating water of mercury. Mercury is considered to be one of the most notorious metal pollutants present in food, water, air and soil, but the process of eliminating it is limited. [1]
Slingshot is a water purification device created by inventor Dean Kamen. [1] Powered by a Stirling engine running on a combustible fuel source, it claims to be able to produce drinking water from almost any source [2] by means of vapor compression distillation, [3] requires no filters, and can operate using cow dung as fuel.