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Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a clinical condition caused by cancerous cells (mucinous adenocarcinoma) that produce abundant mucin or gelatinous ascites. [1] The tumors cause fibrosis of tissues and impede digestion or organ function, and if left untreated, the tumors and mucin they produce will fill the abdominal cavity.
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is intraperitoneal dissemination of any form of cancer that does not originate from the peritoneum itself. PC is most commonly seen in abdominopelvic malignancies. PC is most commonly seen in abdominopelvic malignancies.
Furthermore, women with BRCA1/2 mutation have a 5% risk of developing primary peritoneal cancer even after prophylactic oophorectomy. Primary peritoneal carcinoma shows similar rates of tumor suppressor gene dysfunction ( p53 , BRCA, WT1 ) as ovarian cancer and can also show an increased expression of HER-2/neu.
For the most common cause, peritoneal carcinomatosis, omental caking is associated with a wide variety of symptoms. Ascites and intestinal peristalsis is known to have an effect on how diffusely the cancer cells are spread throughout the abdomen. This wide range of presentation makes omental caking difficult to diagnose based on symptoms alone. [5]
The diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis cannot be made on the basis of the results of laboratory studies. CT is the best diagnostic modality: [25] a confluent mass surrounding the aorta [6] and common iliac arteries can be seen. On MRI, it has low T1 signal intensity and variable T2 signal.
Fluid produced by the cells can produce ascites which is typical in carcinomatosis, but less common in peritoneal sarcomatosis. [1] Fluid can be serous as seen in primary peritoneal carcinoma or mucinous such as found in pseudomyxoma peritonei which is typically a tumor derived from the appendix. [6]