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The Tetrarchy was the system instituted by Roman emperor Diocletian in 293 AD to govern the ancient Roman Empire by dividing it between two emperors, the augusti, and their junior colleagues and designated successors, the caesares.
When Diocletian became Roman Emperor in 284, the military situation had recently stabilized, [5] which allowed him to enact badly needed constitutional reforms. Diocletian resurrected the system that Marcus Aurelius had first used, and divided the empire into east and west. [6] Each half was to be ruled by one of two co-emperors, called the ...
He visited Syria Palaestina the following spring, [Note 6] His stay in the East saw diplomatic success in the conflict with Persia: in 287, Bahram II granted him precious gifts, declared open friendship with the Empire, and invited Diocletian to visit him. [77] Roman sources insist that the act was entirely voluntary. [78] Around the same time ...
Diocletian's reign brought the empire's most concerted effort against the perceived threat of Christianity, the "Great Persecution". [39] Diocletian divided the empire into four regions, each ruled by a separate tetrarch. [40]
Diocletian divided the Roman Empire when, in 286, he elevated Maximian to the rank of Augustus (emperor) and gave him control of the Western Empire, while he continued to rule the East. [28] [29] [30] In 293, Galerius and Constantius Chlorus were appointed as their subordinate , as a way to avoid the civil unrest that had marked the 3rd century.
The Roman Empire was divided into about 50 provinces in the 260s. As almost all provinces were split into two under Diocletian, the early-4th-century Laterculus Veronensis already listed almost 100 provinces. Diocletian grouped the provinces into 12 new territorial units, known as dioceses.
By late 274, the Roman Empire had been reunited into a single entity. However, Aurelian was assassinated in 275, sparking a further series of competing emperors with short reigns. The situation did not stabilize until Diocletian , himself a barracks emperor, reunified the empire in 285.
Diocletian's administrative reforms had the twin aims of ensuring political stability and providing the bureaucratic infrastructure needed to raise the recruits and supplies needed by the army. At the top, Diocletian instituted the Tetrarchy. This divided the empire into two halves, East and West, each to be ruled by an Augustus (emperor).