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Occasionally, when there was a particularly urgent need to solve German naval Enigma keys, such as when an Arctic convoy was about to depart, mines would be laid by the RAF in a defined position, whose grid reference in the German naval system did not contain any of the words (such as sechs or sieben) for which abbreviations or alternatives ...
Enigma without a plugboard (known as unsteckered Enigma) could be solved relatively straightforwardly using hand methods; these techniques were generally defeated by the plugboard, driving Allied cryptanalysts to develop special machines to solve it.
Enigma machine, solved by Rejewski in 1932 The Enigma machine was an electromechanical device, equipped with a 26-letter keyboard and 26 lamps, corresponding to the letters of the alphabet. Inside was a set of wired drums ( rotors and a reflector ) that scrambled the input.
The Publius Enigma is an Internet phenomenon and an unsolved problem that began with cryptic messages posted by a user identifying only as "Publius" to the unmoderated Usenet newsgroup alt.music.pink-floyd through the Penet remailer, a now defunct anonymous information exchange service.
Turing decided to tackle the particularly difficult problem of cracking the German naval use of Enigma "because no one else was doing anything about it and I could have it to myself". [108] In December 1939, Turing solved the essential part of the naval indicator system, which was more complex than the indicator systems used by the other services.
Solved (solution given within the short story) 1917 Zimmermann Telegram: Solved within days of transmission 1918 Chaocipher: Solved 1918–1945 Enigma machine messages Solved (broken by Polish and Allied cryptographers between 1932 and 1945) 1939 D'Agapeyeff cipher: Unsolved 1939–1945 Purple cipher machine messages
For a brief but critical period after May 1940, the Herivel tip in conjunction with "cillies" (another class of operator error) was the main technique used to solve Enigma. After the war, Herivel became an academic, studying the history and philosophy of science at Queen's University Belfast , particularly Isaac Newton , Joseph Fourier ...
In October 1941, Knox solved the Abwehr Enigma. [4] Intelligence Services Knox (ISK) was established to decrypt Abwehr communications. [4] In early 1942, with Knox seriously ill, Peter Twinn took charge of running ISK and was appointed head after Knox's death. [5] [4] By the end of the war, ISK had decrypted and disseminated 140,800 messages. [4]