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The musculocutaneous nerve is a mixed branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus derived from cervical spinal nerves C5-C7. It arises opposite the lower border of the pectoralis minor. [1] It provides motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm: the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis. [2]
The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) is a purely sensory nerve, [3] [2] and consequently the symptoms are also sensory. [4] Symptoms are typically unilateral, seen in about 78% of cases, but may be bilateral. [4] [2] The most common symptom is pain, paresthesias, or dysthesias on the anterolateral surface of the thigh that extends just ...
These pathologic changes result in narrowing of the vertebral canal and neurovascular compression at the lumbosacral nerve roots. [1] [18] The compression of these spinal nerve roots that control sensation and movement in the lower body results in the tingling, pain and weakness NC patients often experience. However, because the severity of ...
Focal neurological deficits may be caused by a variety of medical conditions such as head trauma, [1] tumors or stroke; or by various diseases such as meningitis or encephalitis or as a side effect of certain medications such as those used in anesthesia. [2] Neurological soft signs are a group of non-focal neurologic signs. [3]
The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh can be studied using ultrasound. [1] A patient lies on a bed facing upwards (supine). [3] The ultrasound probe is moved along the length of the nerve, often starting from near the ASIS. [3] The nerve is easier to see over the sartorius muscle than in other subcutaneous tissue, as there is greater ...
The straight leg raise is a test that can be performed during a physical examination, with the leg being lifted actively by the patient or passively by the clinician. If the straight leg raise is done actively by the patient, it is a test of functional leg strength, particularly the rectus femoris element of the quadriceps (checking both hip flexion and knee extension strength simultaneously).
The femoral nerve stretch test can identify spinal nerve root compression, which is associated with disc protrusion and femoral nerve injury. It can reliably identify spinal nerve root compression for L2, L3, and L4. [2]
The Achilles reflex checks if the S 1 and S 2 [3] nerve roots are intact and could be indicative of sciatic nerve pathology. It is classically delayed in hypothyroidism. This reflex is usually absent in disk herniations at the L 5 —S 1 level. A reduction in the ankle jerk reflex may also be indicative of peripheral neuropathy.