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The beam solid angle, represented as , is defined as the solid angle which all power would flow through if the antenna radiation intensity were constant at its maximal value. If the beam solid angle is known, then maximum directivity can be calculated as =,
Patch antenna gain pattern. A directional antenna or beam antenna is an antenna which radiates or receives greater radio wave power in specific directions. Directional antennas can radiate radio waves in beams, when greater concentration of radiation in a certain direction is desired, or in receiving antennas receive radio waves from one specific direction only.
Effective isotropic radiated power is the hypothetical power that would have to be radiated by an isotropic antenna to give the same ("equivalent") signal strength as the actual source antenna in the direction of the antenna's strongest beam. The difference between EIRP and ERP is that ERP compares the actual antenna to a half-wave dipole ...
Antenna measurement techniques refers to the testing of antennas in order to ensure that the antenna meets specifications or simply to characterize it. Typical antenna parameters are gain , bandwidth , radiation pattern , beamwidth , polarization , impedance ; These are imperative communicative means.
The curved ends of the reflector are sometimes capped by flat plates, to prevent radiation out the ends, and this is called a pillbox antenna or cheese antenna. Shaped-beam antennas – Modern reflector antennas can be designed to produce a beam or beams of a particular shape, rather than just the narrow "pencil" or "fan" beams of the simple ...
A loop antenna is a radio antenna consisting of a loop or coil of wire, ... in order to direct its main beam towards the horizon. ... Antenna calculators.