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It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Hindi and Urdu in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.
localpron: "local pronunciation:" Fourth unnamed parameter Name of an audio file to accompany the transcription. Ignored if |audio= is given. label Text that precedes the transcription. Takes precedence over the third unnamed parameter. link If set to yes, the language name in the label will be linked to the article about the language. small
The open central vowel is transcribed in IPA by either [aː] or [ɑː].. In Urdu, there is further short [a] (spelled ہ, as in کمرہ kamra) in word-final position, which contrasts with [aː] (spelled ا, as in لڑکا laṛkā).
Technically, a direct one-to-one script mapping or rule-based lossless transliteration of Hindi-Urdu is not possible, majorly since Hindi is written in an abugida script and Urdu is written in an abjad script, and also because of other constraints like multiple similar characters from Perso-Arabic mapping onto a single character in Devanagari. [7]
Indeed, in the illustration of Hindi in the IPA Handbook, the letters c and ɟ are used for /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/. Among the symbols of the IPA, 107 letters represent consonants and vowels, 31 diacritics are used to modify these, and 17 additional signs indicate suprasegmental qualities such as length, tone, stress, and intonation.
Normally, pronunciation is given only for the subject of the article in its lead section. For non-English words and names, use the pronunciation key for the appropriate language. If a common English rendering of the non-English name exists (Venice, Nikita Khrushchev), its pronunciation, if necessary, should be indicated before the non-English one.
"Actually most Hindi-Urdu–learning native English speakers tend to pronounce all voiceless stops with aspiration, all voiced stops without aspiration, like how they speak English." And you commented, "this is an incorrect (rather irrelevant) analysis." No, it's not an analysis to your point, it's a common phenomenon.
However, most English speakers pronounce Dutch words such as Rooibosch and veldschoen with /ʃ/, more closely following the pronunciation rules for German spelling. In contrast, certain well-established Dutch surnames and place names in the United States dating to colonial times , such as Schuyler , have sch pronounced as / s k / , which is ...