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Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders that are typically inherited. [2] The most common type is known as sickle cell anemia. [2] Sickle cell anemia results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. [2]
West Africans (e.g., Mende of Sierra Leone), bearing the Senegal sickle cell haplotype, [112] [97] may have migrated into Mauritania (77% modern rate of occurrence) and Senegal (100%); they may also have migrated across the Sahara, into North Africa, and from North Africa, into Southern Europe, Turkey, and a region near northern Iraq and ...
Autosomal dominant A 50/50 chance of inheritance. Sickle-cell disease is inherited in the autosomal recessive pattern. When both parents have sickle-cell trait (carrier), a child has a 25% chance of sickle-cell disease (red icon), 25% do not carry any sickle-cell alleles (blue icon), and 50% have the heterozygous (carrier) condition. [1]
If he has microcytosis (mean cell hemoglobin < 27 pg or mean red cell volume < 80 fl), the woman is tested. When both are microcytic, their hemoglobin A2 concentrations are measured. If both have a concentration above 3.5% (diagnostic of thalassemia trait) they are referred to the local designated health post for genetic counseling .
Compared to other ethnic groups, they more frequently act as carriers of mucolipidosis [24] and Niemann–Pick disease, [25] the latter of which can prove fatal. The occurrence of several lysosomal storage disorders in the same population suggests the alleles responsible might have conferred some selective advantage in the past. [ 26 ]
Sickle cell disorders, which are the most prevalent form of hemoglobinopathy. Sickle hemoglobin (HbS) is prone to polymerize when deoxygenated, precipitating within the red blood cell. This damages the RBC membrane resulting in its premature destruction and consequent anemia.
He found that the prevalence of sickle-cell trait (heterozygous condition) among people inhabiting coastal areas was higher than 20%. [8] At the time the highest record was 8% among African-Americans.) [ 10 ] He was posed with the question as to why such a deadly disease (in homozygous condition ) would be more prevalent in a localised area in ...
T-Boz opened up to the public about the disease in 1996; [26] she later became one of the spokespersons for Sickle Cell Disease Association of America. [27] [28] In 2002, she was hospitalized for four months due to a flare-up of sickle-cell anemia. [29] She is a national co-chair of the progressive organization Health Care Voter. [30]