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An application of the study of somatic mosaicism in the brain could be the tracing of specific brain cells. Indeed, if the somatic L1 insertions occurs in a progenitor cell, the unique variant could be used to trace the progenitor cell's development, localization, and spreading through the brain. On the contrary, if the somatic L1 insertion ...
Somatic mutations that occur later in an organism's life can be hard to detect, as they may affect only a single cell—for instance, a post-mitotic neuron; [3] [4] improvements in single cell sequencing are therefore an important tool for the study of somatic mutation. [5]
In particular, expression patterns of small-noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) are altered in the sperm, as well as in stress-related regions of the brain. [32] [33] [34] Offspring of these mice exhibited the same sncRNA expression changes in the brain, but not in the sperm. These changes were coupled with behavioral changes in the offspring that were ...
Abnormalities in brain structure and function are often associated with deficits that may persist for years after the stress is removed, and may be a risk factor for future psychopathology. [58] The brain regions most sensitive to early life stress are those undergoing developmental changes during the stress exposure.
The somatic marker hypothesis, formulated by Antonio Damasio and associated researchers, proposes that emotional processes guide (or bias) behavior, particularly decision-making. [1] [2] "Somatic markers" are feelings in the body that are associated with emotions, such as the association of rapid heartbeat with anxiety or of nausea with disgust ...
Somatization is the generation of somatic symptoms due to psychological distress, often coinciding with a tendency to seek medical help for them. [1] [2] The term somatization was introduced by Wilhelm Stekel in 1924. [3] Somatization is a worldwide phenomenon, [4] with chronic cases being classified as somatic symptom disorder. [5]
Stress may also increase reward associated with food, leading to weight gain and further changes in eating habits. [58] Stress may contribute to various disorders, such as fibromyalgia, [59] chronic fatigue syndrome, [60] depression, [61] as well as other mental illnesses [13] and functional somatic syndromes. [62]
Somatic hypermutation (or SHM) is a cellular mechanism by which the immune system adapts to the new foreign elements that confront it (e.g. microbes).A major component of the process of affinity maturation, SHM diversifies B cell receptors used to recognize foreign elements and allows the immune system to adapt its response to new threats during the lifetime of an organism. [1]