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Only products that contain live organisms shown in reproducible human studies to confer a health benefit may claim to be probiotic. [ 7 ] [ 139 ] [ 140 ] The correct definition of health benefit, backed with solid scientific evidence, is a strong element for the proper identification and assessment of the effect of a probiotic.
Proteobiotics are natural metabolites which are produced by fermentation process of specific probiotic strains. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These small oligopeptides [ 3 ] were originally discovered in and isolated from culture media used to grow probiotic bacteria and may account for some of the health benefits of probiotics.
The strain L. fermentum ME-3 has recently been discovered and identified as an antimicrobial and antioxidative probiotic. This strain of L. fermentum was discovered from the analysis of human fecal samples in 1994. One of the important characteristics of a probiotic microbe is the tolerance to conditions in the digestive tract.
An example of fermented milk, a dairy product L. acidophilus is commonly added to for probiotic effects. As stated in a journal from the American Dairy Science Association, "Lactobacillus acidophilus is a commercial strain and probiotic that is widely used in the dairy industry to obtain high-quality fermentation products."
It is the second largest of the human body and made of various bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. [14] These organisms play an important role in oral and overall health. Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to view these organisms using a microscope he created. [ 14 ]
It is uncommonly reported as a human pathogen and is widely used as a probiotic in Japan, Korea, and China. [1] C. butyricum is a soil inhabitant in various parts of the world, has been cultured from the stool of healthy children and adults, and is common in soured milk and cheeses. [2]
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