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Freeze–thaw desalination (or freezing desalination) uses freezing to remove fresh water from salt water. Salt water is sprayed during freezing conditions into a pad where an ice-pile builds up. When seasonal conditions warm, naturally desalinated melt water is recovered. This technique relies on extended periods of natural sub-freezing ...
Multiple-effect humidification (MEH) is a method used for thermal desalination of sea water. It uses multiple evaporation – condensation cycles at separate temperature levels to minimize the total energy consumption of solar humidification processes.
A Desalination Greenhouse using all of the effects in all categories, with an emphasis on the optimized combination of the effects including synergies, is the IBTS Greenhouse. The Global water cycle also includes all sub-effects of HDH, like increased evaporation over the oceans surface and surface increase by wind, making the generation of ...
In 1964, Alexander Zarchin obtained a patent for seawater desalination. [4] Zarchin's method of sea water desalination involved freezing sea water in a vacuum, forming pure water crystals which are then melted to produce salt-free water. The salt is drained off in the vacuum stage. [5]
Multiple-effect distillation or multi-effect distillation (MED) is a distillation process often used for sea water desalination.It consists of multiple stages or "effects". In each stage the feed water is heated by steam in tubes, usually by spraying saline water onto th
The process has the feature of inherently low fouling because of the forward osmosis first step, unlike conventional reverse osmosis desalination plants where fouling is often a problem. Modern Water has deployed forward osmosis based desalination plants in Gibraltar and Oman.
Electrodialysis reversal (EDR) is an electrodialysis reversal water desalination membrane process that has been commercially used since the early 1960s. [1] An electric current migrates dissolved salt ions, including fluorides, nitrates and sulfates, through an electrodialysis stack consisting of alternating layers of cationic and anionic ion exchange membranes.
Freezing desalination; Geothermal desalination; Solar desalination. Solar humidification–dehumidification (HDH) Multiple-effect humidification (MEH) Seawater greenhouse; Methane hydrate crystallization; High grade water recycling; Wave-powered desalination