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Indium (49 In) consists of two primordial nuclides, with the most common (~ 95.7%) nuclide (115 In) being measurably though weakly radioactive. Its spin-forbidden decay has a half-life of 4.41×10 14 years, much longer than the currently accepted age of the Universe. The stable isotope 113 In is only 4.3% of
Indium-111 (111 In) is a radioactive isotope of indium (In). It decays by electron capture to stable cadmium-111 with a half-life of 2.8 days. [3] Indium-111 chloride (111 InCl) solution is produced by proton irradiation of a cadmium target (112 Cd(p,2n) or 111 Cd(p,n)) in a cyclotron, as recommended by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). [4]
Indium has 39 known isotopes, ranging in mass number from 97 to 135. Only two isotopes occur naturally as primordial nuclides: indium-113, the only stable isotope, and indium-115, which has a half-life of 4.41 × 10 14 years, four orders of magnitude greater than the age of the Universe and nearly 30,000 times greater than half life of thorium ...
It is prevented from having a stable isotope with 4 protons and 6 neutrons by the very large mismatch in proton/neutron ratio for such a light element. (Nevertheless, beryllium-10 has a half-life of 1.36 million years, which is too short to be primordial , but still indicates unusual stability for a light isotope with such an imbalance.)
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The number of protons (Z column) and number of neutrons (N column). energy column The column labeled "energy" denotes the energy equivalent of the mass of a neutron minus the mass per nucleon of this nuclide (so all nuclides get a positive value) in MeV , formally: m n − m nuclide / A , where A = Z + N is the mass number.
The only stable nuclides having an odd number of protons and an odd number of neutrons are hydrogen-2, lithium-6, boron-10, nitrogen-14 and (observationally) tantalum-180m. This is because the mass–energy of such atoms is usually higher than that of their neighbors on the same isobaric chain, so most of them are unstable to beta decay.
The two natural radioactive isotopes are 113 Cd (beta decay, half-life is 8.04 × 10 15 years) and 116 Cd (two-neutrino double beta decay, half-life is 2.8 × 10 19 years). The other three are 106 Cd, 108 Cd ( double electron capture ), and 114 Cd (double beta decay); only lower limits on their half-life times have been set.