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Interleukin 3 (IL3) is a cytokine that regulates hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation and function of granulocytes and macrophages. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] The protein, which exists in vivo as a monomer, is produced in activated T cells and mast cells, [ 15 ] [ 16 ] and is activated by the cleavage of an N-terminal signal sequence.
Because cytokines are characterised by considerable redundancy and pleiotropism, such distinctions, allowing for exceptions, are obsolete. The term interleukin was initially used by researchers for those cytokines whose presumed targets are principally white blood cells (leukocytes). It is now used largely for designation of newer cytokine ...
An inflammatory cytokine is a type of cytokine (a signaling molecule) that is secreted from immune cells and certain other cell types that promotes inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines are predominantly produced by T helper cells (T h) and macrophages and involved in the upregulation of inflammatory reactions. [1]
This cytokine may bind or may itself be a ligand of the IL-18 receptor (IL18R1 / IL-1Rrp). It binds to the interleukin 18 binding protein (IL18BP), forming a complex with the beta subunit of the IL-18 receptor (IL-1F4), thereby inhibiting its activity. 5 alternative transcripts encoding different IL-37 isoforms have been described. [45]
53603 Ensembl ENSG00000145777 ENSMUSG00000024379 UniProt Q969D9 Q9JIE6 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_033035 NM_138551 NM_021367 RefSeq (protein) NP_149024 NP_612561 NP_067342 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 111.07 – 111.08 Mb Chr 18: 32.95 – 32.95 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 -like cytokine, alarmin, and growth factor ...
These cytokines activate ILC2s, and therefore, an increased number of ILC2s, and type-2 cytokines (IL-4/5/13) are present in patients with allergic asthma. [3] They secrete IL-13, initiating allergic lung inflammation, and additionally promote Th2 differentiation, increasing the production of IL-13, and therefore amplifying the allergic response.
The IL-10 family is one of the important types of cytokines, that can stop the inflammation. In general. these cytokines have a helical structure of homodimers. [4] The difference that the members of IL-10 family have between each other is that they have various receptor-binding residues, which help with interaction with specific cytokine receptors. [5]
116849 Ensembl ENSG00000127318 ENSMUSG00000090461 UniProt Q9GZX6 Q9JJY8 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_020525 NM_054079 RefSeq (protein) NP_065386 NP_473420 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 68.25 – 68.25 Mb Chr 10: 118.13 – 118.13 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL22 gene. Structure IL-22 is an α-helical cytokine. IL ...