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Czechs, Slovaks and the Jews, 1938–48: Beyond Idealisation and Condemnation (2013) is a book by the Czech historian Jan Láníček which addresses relations between Czechs, Slovaks, and Jews from the Munich Agreement to the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état which installed a Communist government.
The first anti-Jewish laws in Czechoslovakia were imposed following the 1938 Munich Agreement and the German occupation of the Sudetenland. In March 1939, Germany invaded and partially annexed the rest of the Czech lands as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
Jewish cemetery in Holešov, Moravia. Two Jews were killed in a pogrom in the town. Two Jews were killed in a pogrom in the town. After World War I and during the formation of Czechoslovakia , a wave of anti-Jewish rioting and violence was unleashed against Jews and their property, especially stores.
An English translation by Alex Skinner, The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia: Czech Initiatives, German Policies, Jewish Responses was published by Berghahn Books in 2019, as part of the "War and Genocide" series. [2] A Czech translation was also published by Academia in 2019, [3] and a Hebrew translation is planned as of 2020. [4]
The Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia (117,551 according to the 1930 census) was virtually annihilated. Many Jews emigrated after 1939; approximately 78,000 were killed. By 1945, some 14,000 Jews remained alive in the Czech lands. [5] Approximately 144,000 Jews were sent to Theresienstadt concentration camp. Most inmates were Czech Jews.
During World War II, Czechoslovakia was divided into four different regions, each administered by a different authority: Sudetenland (Germany), Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, the Slovak State, and Carpathian Ruthenia and southern Slovakia (Hungary). As a result, the Holocaust unfolded differently in each of these areas:
Among other anti-democratic laws, he appreciated restriction of press freedom and the censorship in November 1939. He involved himself in discussions who is more loyal and who better serves Nazi Germany among German satellites. [28] He disputed with strongly pro-nazi newspapers accusing Hungary to be unreliable ally.
The Slánský trial is also a key element of the book Under a Cruel Star. A memoir by Heda Margolius Kovály, the book follows the life of a Jewish woman, starting with her escape from a concentration camp during World War II, up until her departure from Czechoslovakia after the Warsaw Pact countries invasion of 1968.