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When used as drugs, the International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) end in -mab. The remaining syllables of the INNs, as well as the column Source, are explained in Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies. Types of monoclonal antibodies with other structures than naturally occurring antibodies. The abbreviations in the column Type are as follows:
Anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies can be targeted against malignant cells by several mechanisms. Ramucirumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody and is used in the treatment of advanced malignancies. [18] In childhood lymphoma, phase I and II studies have found a positive effect of using antibody therapy. [19]
CD20 antibody bound with the radioactive isotope, 90Y, induces radiation-dependent cell lysis. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anaemia, hypotension and secondary malignancies. Ipilimumab: IV: CTLA4 antibody that causes immune system-mediated lysis of the tagged cell: Unresectable or metastatic ...
Murine monoclonal antibodies are identified with the suffix "-omab". They originate from murine animals and can trigger allergic reactions in humans. [9] An example of a murine monoclonal antibody is blinatumomab, which is used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [8] Chimeric monoclonal antibodies are identified with the suffix "-ximab".
He is a true translational investigator, since he used these monoclonal antibodies to classify human B-cell leukemia and lymphomas as well as to create therapeutic agents for patients. . . More importantly, he was the first in the world to administer a monoclonal antibody to a human (a patient with B-cell lymphoma)." [11]
The use of monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy was first introduced in 1997 with rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody for treatment of B cell lymphoma. [15] Since then several monoclonal antibodies have been approved for treatment of various haematological malignancies as well as for solid tumours. [16] [17]
Eculizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against the complement protein C5. [13] It is an immunoglobulin G-kappa (IgGκ) consisting of human constant regions and murine complementarity-determining regions grafted onto human framework light and heavy chain variable regions.
Bi-specific T-cell engager (BiTE) is a class of artificial bispecific monoclonal antibodies that are investigated for use as anti-cancer drugs. They direct a host's immune system, more specifically the T cells ' cytotoxic activity, against cancer cells.