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Any probability density function () on the line can be "wrapped" around the circumference of a circle of unit radius. [1] That is, the PDF of the wrapped variable θ = ϕ mod 2 π {\displaystyle \theta =\phi \mod 2\pi } in some interval of length 2 π {\displaystyle 2\pi }
In probability theory and directional statistics, a wrapped normal distribution is a wrapped probability distribution that results from the "wrapping" of the normal distribution around the unit circle. It finds application in the theory of Brownian motion and is a solution to the heat equation for periodic boundary conditions.
As aircraft fly at high altitude to save fuel due to lower drag, the formula shows that a Δa rise in altitude lengthens a flight along an entire great circle by 2 π Δa. For example, each additional 1000 feet adds 2 × π × 1000 ≈ 6,283 feet (1.0340 nautical miles) around the whole Earth. In other words, each kilometre altitude increases ...
The von Mises distribution is a circular distribution which, like any other circular distribution, may be thought of as a wrapping of a certain linear probability distribution around the circle. The underlying linear probability distribution for the von Mises distribution is mathematically intractable; however, for statistical purposes, there ...
In probability theory and directional statistics, a wrapped Lévy distribution is a wrapped probability distribution that results from the "wrapping" of the Lévy distribution around the unit circle. Description
Roll the wrapping paper into a circle, pairing the two opposite edge slits together, interlocking them into each other. Pinch the rest of the wrapping paper down so it sits on top of where the two ...
Reading from and writing to the circular buffer may then be carried out with greater efficiency by means of direct memory access; those accesses which fall beyond the end of the first virtual-memory region will automatically wrap around to the beginning of the underlying buffer.
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