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Cestodes are parasites of vertebrates, with each species infecting a single definitive host or group of closely related host species. All but amphilinids and gyrocotylids (which burrow through the gut or body wall to reach the coelom [ 6 ] ) are intestinal, though some life cycle stages rest in muscle or other tissues.
The phylum Platyhelminthes includes two classes of worms of particular medical significance: the cestodes (tapeworms) and the trematodes (flukes and blood flukes), depending on whether or not they have segmented bodies. [1] [8] There may be as many as 300,000 species of parasites affecting vertebrates, [9] and as many as 300 affecting humans ...
Contaminated food may contain eggs of nematodes such as Ascaris, Enterobius, and Trichuris; cestodes such as Taenia, Hymenolepis, and Echinococcus; and trematodes such as Fasciola. Raw or undercooked meats are the major sources of Taenia (pork, beef and venison), Trichinella (pork and bear), Diphyllobothrium (fish), Clonorchis (fish), and ...
Cestodes (tapeworms) and digeneans (flukes) cause diseases in humans and their livestock, whilst monogeneans can cause serious losses of stocks in fish farms. [44] Schistosomiasis , also known as bilharzia or snail fever, is the second-most devastating parasitic disease in tropical countries, behind malaria .
The Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia), also known as the northern giant hornet, [2] [3] and the Japanese giant hornet, [4] [5] is the world's largest hornet. It is native to temperate and tropical East Asia , South Asia , Mainland Southeast Asia , and parts of the Russian Far East .
Fasciolosis is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica.The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, [3] and is classified as a neglected tropical disease (NTD).
Thiabendazole can have severe side effects and is unavailable in many countries. [37] Major inroads are required to advance the development of successful medications and drug protocols for strongyloidiasis and other neglected tropical diseases. [38] Contagiousness via textiles, unlike Enterobius vermicularis, is unfounded. As is, generally ...
If the side effects from helminthic therapy were to become unmanageable, they can be alleviated by the use of anti-helminthic medications. [2] [11] [12] The most common clinical symptoms which may be encountered while undergoing helminthic therapy can include: Fatigue [2] Gastrointestinal discomfort [7] Anemia [2] [11] [12] Fever [12] Abdominal ...