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It was discovered in 2000 as one of two improved mutants by H. Bujard and his colleagues after random mutagenesis of the Tet repressor part of the transactivator gene. [6] Tet-On 3G (also known as rtTA-V10 [7]) is similar to Tet-On Advanced but was derived from rtTA2 S-S2 rather than rtTA2 S-M2. It is also human codon optimized and composed of ...
The transactivator gene expresses a transcription factor that binds to specific promoter region of DNA. By binding to the promoter region of a gene, the transcription factor causes that gene to be expressed. The expression of one transactivator gene can activate multiple genes, as long as they have the same, specific promoter region attached.
Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) is a member of the TET family of enzymes, in humans it is encoded by the TET1 gene.Its function, regulation, and utilizable pathways remain a matter of current research while it seems to be involved in DNA demethylation and therefore gene regulation, [5] [6] but is expressed as different isoforms which may have distinct functions.
The TET enzymes are a family of ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenases. They are instrumental in DNA demethylation . 5-Methylcytosine (see first Figure) is a methylated form of the DNA base cytosine (C) that often regulates gene transcription and has several other functions in the genome.
Tet3 and its respective protein TET 3 are members of the TET (ten-eleven-translocation) family of genes and proteins that play a role in DNA demethylation. [6] DNA demethylation is the removal of suppressive methyl groups from the cytosine of DNA. [6] Demethylating the DNA and removing these markers is associated with increased transcription. [6]
The mammalian TET proteins were found to be orthologues of Trypanosoma brucei base J-binding protein 1 (JBP1) and JBP2. Base J was the first hypermodified base that was known in eukaryotic DNA and had been found in T. brucei DNA in the early 1990s, [11] although the evidence of an unusual form of DNA modification goes back to at least the mid ...
In the reverse reaction, histone deacetylase (HDAC) removes the acetyl group from the histone tails and binds it to coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA. Some coactivators indirectly regulate gene expression by binding to an activator and inducing a conformational change that then allows the activator to bind to the DNA enhancer or promoter sequence.
A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to convert RNA genome to DNA, a process termed reverse transcription.Reverse transcriptases are used by viruses such as HIV, COVID-19, and hepatitis B to replicate their genomes, by retrotransposon mobile genetic elements to proliferate within the host genome, and by eukaryotic cells to extend the telomeres at the ends of their linear chromosomes.