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To qualify for need-based aid a student must have a significant amount of financial need, which is determined by the federal government based on the FAFSA. Using the information submitted on the FAFSA, the U.S. Department of Education calculates a figure called the Expected Family Contribution (EFC).
In the United States, schools with large financial aid budgets—typically private, college-preparatory boarding schools—tend to offer either need-blind admission or a commitment to meet the full demonstrated need of the U.S. citizen students that they admit (as determined by the schools' respective financial aid departments). Certain schools ...
The payments will be offered to "students who received need-based financial aid to cover some but not all costs (tuition, fees, room, and/or board) to attend," according to the settlement order.
The ISIR is also sent to state agencies that award need-based aid. Students can file an appeal with their college financial aid office in order to seek additional financial aid if their current financial situation is no longer the same as the financial information they provided on FAFSA (i.e. their parent recently lost their job).
In cases in which a student qualifies for merit-based (rather than need-based) financial aid, the student and their family may pay less than the EFC. A well-to-do family's EFC may exceed the cost of attendance at a school, and in that case the student does not have financial need, as defined by the federal financial aid system.
In the U.S., a grant is given on the basis of economic need, determined by the amount to which the college's Cost of Attendance (COA) [6] [7] exceeds the Expected Family Contribution (EFC), [8] calculated by the U.S. Department of Education from information submitted on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid following formulas set by the United States Congress.
[137] [138] [139] In most cases, the barrier of entry for students who require financial aid is set higher, a practice called need-aware admissions. Universities with exceptionally large endowments may combine need-based financial aid with need-blind admission, in which students who require financial aid have equal chances to those who do not.
These loans can be used to help pay for education expenses not covered by financial aid. The Direct PLUS loan is not based on financial need, but credit is necessary. Eligibility is determined by the school and once the student has signed, he or she has entered into a legally binding agreement to repay all the loans.