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Many such mosquitoes are vectors of the parasite Plasmodium, a genus of protozoans that cause malaria in birds, reptiles, and mammals, including humans. The Anopheles gambiae mosquito is the best-known species of marsh mosquito that transmits the Plasmodium falciparum , which is a malarial parasite deadly to human beings; no other mosquito ...
While none of the main four species of malaria parasite that cause human infections are known to have animal reservoirs, [360] P. knowlesi is known to infect both humans and non-human primates. [52] Other non-human primate malarias (particularly P. cynomolgi and P. simium) have also been found to have spilled over into humans. [361]
Anopheles albimanus is a medically important species, as it is a key Plasmodium vivax malaria vector; this means that they carry and transmit an organism that causes a disease in another host organism, and usually are not harmed themselves.
Malaria is caused by a protozoan called Plasmodium falciparum. P. falciparum parasites are transmitted mainly by the Anopheles gambiae complex in rural Africa. [58] In just this area, P. falciparum infections comprise an estimated 200 million clinical cases and 1 million annual deaths. 75% of individuals affected in this region are children. [61]
P. malariae can infect several species of mosquito and can cause malaria in humans. [2] P. malariae can be maintained at very low infection rates among a sparse and mobile population because unlike the other Plasmodium parasites, it can remain in a human host for an extended period of time and still remain infectious to mosquitoes. [8]
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Dong et al., 2018 develops and presents a new U6-gRNA+Cas9 technique in An. gambiae, and utilizes it to knock out fibrinogen related protein 1 (FREP1), thereby severely reducing infection of the mosquito by P. berghei and P. falciparum. [22]
Anopheles freeborni, commonly known as the western malaria mosquito, is a species of mosquito in the family Culicidae. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is typically found in the western United States and Canada .