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Ashtanga yoga (not to be confused with Patanjali's aṣṭāṅgayoga, the eight limbs of yoga) is a style of yoga as exercise popularised by K. Pattabhi Jois during the twentieth century, often promoted as a dynamic form of medieval hatha yoga. [1]
The vinyasa forms of yoga used as exercise, including Pattabhi Jois's 1948 Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga and its spin-off schools such as Beryl Bender Birch's 1995 Power Yoga and others like Baptiste Yoga, Jivamukti Yoga, Vinyasa Flow Yoga, Power Vinyasa Yoga, and Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga, derive from Krishnamacharya's development of a flowing aerobic style of yoga in the Mysore Palace in the early ...
Yoga as exercise has spread in different branded forms such as Ashtanga (vinyasa) yoga, Bikram Yoga, Iyengar Yoga, and Sivananda Yoga. Yoga as exercise , of the type seen in the West, has been greatly influenced by Swami Kuvalayananda and his student Tirumalai Krishnamacharya , who taught from 1924 until his death in 1989.
Pratyahara marks the transition of yoga experience from the first four limbs of Patanjali's Ashtanga scheme that perfect external forms, to the last three limbs that perfect the yogin's inner state: moving from outside to inside, from the outer sphere of the body to the inner sphere of the spirit.
Haṭha yoga's non-postural practices such as its purifications are much reduced or absent in yoga as exercise. The term "hatha yoga" is also in use with a different meaning, a gentle unbranded yoga practice, independent of the major schools, often mainly for women. Practices vary from wholly secular, for exercise and relaxation, through to ...
The name is from the Sanskrit जठर Jaṭhara, stomach or abdomen; परिवर्तन Parivartana, to turn around; and आसन āsana, posture or seat. [5] The pose is not found in medieval hatha yoga texts, but is described in 20th century manuals including B. K. S. Iyengar's 1966 Light on Yoga.
The asana is medieval, described in the 15th century Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā 1.26-7, which states that it destroys many diseases, [8] and the 17th century Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā 2.22-23. Yogi Ghamande chose the asana for the cover of his historic 1905 book Yogasopana Purvachatushka ; he represented the pose using a halftone plate, giving for ...
The modern pose is described in Krishnamacharya's 1934 Yoga Makaranda, [5] and in the works of his pupils, B. K. S. Iyengar's 1966 Light on Yoga [6] and Pattabhi Jois's Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] Theos Bernard however illustrates the related pose "Padhahasthasana" (sic) in his 1944 report of his experience of hatha yoga on the border of ...