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The name is the word for shell bead in the Eastern Keresan language of the Santo Domingo Indians. [ 2 ] The oldest specimens of heishe date back to around 6000 BCE, although the same technique was used in northern Africa 30,000 years ago, using ostrich eggshell.
Rachitic rosary on chest radiograph The prominent knobs of bone at the costochondral joints of rickets patients are known as a rachitic rosary or beading of the ribs . The knobs create the appearance of large beads under the skin of the rib cage , hence the name by analogy with the beads of a Catholic Christian rosary .
Then, bead blanks are selected from those fragments. The next two steps can be performed in either order depending on the group making the beads; either a hole is drilled in the bead's center, often with a sharp stone, piece of bone, or horn, or the process of trimming the bead is performed before the perforation.
Given enough time, the tip of the spire of the shell usually also wears down, and thus a natural hole is formed from one side to the other. This shell fragment can be viewed as a sort of a natural bead, and is known in Hawaii as a "puka". Real puka shells are not flat: one side of the bead is slightly convex; the other is concave.
Wampum beads are typically tubular in shape, often a quarter of an inch long and an eighth of an inch wide. One 17th-century Seneca wampum belt featured beads almost 2.5 inches (65 mm) long. [1] Women artisans traditionally made wampum beads by rounding small pieces of whelk shells, then piercing them with a hole before stringing them.
Encyclopedia of Native American Jewelry: A Guide to History, People, and Terms. Phoenix: Oryx Press, 2000. ISBN 1-57356-128-2. Branson, Oscar T. Indian Jewelry Making. Tucson, AZ: Treasure Chest Publications, 1977. ISBN 0-442-21418-9. Dubin, Lois Sherr. North American Indian Jewelry and Adornment: From Prehistory to the Present. New York: Harry ...