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The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ (LLO), is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water. The sensory ability is achieved via modified epithelial cells , known as hair cells , which respond to displacement caused by motion and transduce these ...
Ampullae of Lorenzini are physically associated with and evolved from the mechanosensory lateral line organs of early vertebrates.Passive electroreception using ampullae is an ancestral trait in the vertebrates, meaning that it was present in their last common ancestor. [7]
The lateral line shows a similar arrangement, and is open to the environment via a series of openings called lateral line pores. This is a reminder of the common origin of these two vibration- and sound-detecting organs that are grouped together as the acoustico-lateralis system.
The intestines of a shark are much shorter than those of mammals. Sharks have compensated for this problem by having a spiral valve, or a scroll valve, inside the intestine to increase the absorbent surface of the intestine. By keeping digestible material in the ileum for an extended period maximum nutrient absorption is ensured.
The shark kidney excretes urea that is needed for the shark to have in its system so the shark does not become dehydrated from living in seawater. [14] Sharks hearts have two chambers. The shark heart's main importance is providing oxygenated blood to the entire body while filtering out the deoxygenated blood. [15]
In the artificial lateral line, neuromast's function is carried out by using transducers. These tiny structures employ various systems such as hot-wire anemometry, [6] optoelectronics [7] or piezoelectric cantilevers [7] to detect mechanical changes in water. Neuromasts are primarily classified into two types based on their location.
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