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Silica gel was in existence as early as the 1640s as a scientific curiosity. [5] It was used in World War I for the adsorption of vapors and gases in gas mask canisters.The synthetic route for producing silica gel was patented in 1918 by Walter A. Patrick, a chemistry professor at Johns Hopkins University.
Canisters are commonly filled with silica gel and other molecular sieves used as desiccant in drug containers to keep contents dry. Silica gel in a sachet or porous packet. A desiccant is a hygroscopic substance that is used to induce or sustain a state of dryness (desiccation) in its vicinity; it is the opposite of a humectant.
Once the gel has formed, it will dehydrate to a glassy phase as a result of syneresis. Commonly used esters include acetate esters of glycerol and ethylene glycol as well as carbonate esters of propylene and ethylene glycol. The higher the water solubility of the ester, the faster the hardening of the sand. [citation needed]
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[4] [5] [6] Dehydrating the latter yields a hard translucent form of silica with atomic-scale pores, called silica gel, which is widely used as water absorbent and drying agent. Silica dissolves very sparingly in water [citation needed] and is present in seawater at concentrations below 100 parts per million. In such dilute solutions, silica is ...
Silica aerogels are the most common type of aerogel, and the primary type in use or study. [40] [56] It is silica-based and can be derived from silica gel or by a modified Stober process. Nicknames include frozen smoke, [57] solid smoke, solid air, solid cloud, and blue smoke, owing to its translucent nature and the way light scatters in the ...