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Yiddish, [a] historically Judeo-German, [11] [b] is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews.It originated in 9th-century [12]: 2 Central Europe, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many elements taken from Hebrew (notably Mishnaic) and to some extent Aramaic.
Weinreich, Uriel, College Yiddish: an Introduction to the Yiddish language and to Jewish Life and Culture, 6th revised ed., YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, New York, 1999, ISBN 0-914512-26-9. Wex, Michael , Born to Kvetch : Yiddish Language and Culture in All Its Moods , St. Martin's Press, New York, 2005, ISBN 0-312-30741-1 .
The Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment, movement that arose in the late 18th century played a large role in rejecting Yiddish as a Jewish language.However, many maskilim, particularly in the Russian Empire, expanded the Yiddish press to use it as a tool to spread their enlightenment ideas, thereby building a platform for future Yiddishists.
Raphael Abramovitch, chief organizer of the Algemeyne Entsiklopedye project. In March 1930, the editor Nakhmen Meisel published a call for a "great Yiddish encyclopedia" in the literary weekly Literarishe Bleter, arguing that the success of the YIVO, a major Yiddish academic institute, could lay the groundwork for a general-purpose Jewish encyclopedia where previous attempts had failed. [5]
[84] [dubious – discuss] Yiddish emerged as a result of Judeo-Latin language contact with various High German vernaculars in the medieval period. [9] It is a Germanic language written in Hebrew letters, and heavily influenced by Hebrew and Aramaic, with some elements of Romance and later Slavic languages. [85] [better source needed]
YIVO (Yiddish: ייִוואָ, pronounced, short for ייִדישער װיסנשאַפֿטלעכער אינסטיטוט, yidisher visnshaftlekher institut, 'Jewish scientific institute') is an organization that preserves, studies, and teaches the cultural history of Jewish life throughout Eastern Europe, Germany, and Russia as well as orthography, lexicography, and other studies related to ...
[42]: 168 Unlike the Greek speaking Hellenized Jews in the west the Jewish communities in Babylonian and Judea continued the use of Aramaic as a primary language. [ 26 ] As early as the middle of the 2nd century BCE the Jewish author of the third book of the Oracula Sibyllina addressed the "chosen people," saying: "Every land is full of thee ...
Educated Jews saw Yiddish as a lower-class jargon (זשאַרגאָן, zhargon) language that could be 'improved' by inserting German terms. [ 1 ] According to the Yiddish scholar Dovid Katz , "prejudices and misconceptions" concerning Yiddish were promulgated by both antisemites and well-meaning Jewish assimilationists during the 19th ...