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Ali, a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was the first of the Twelve Imams, and, in the Twelvers view, the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by male descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Al-Husayn, who was the brother of Al-Hasan.
Imam (/ ɪ ˈ m ɑː m /, Arabic: إمام, imām; pl.: أئمة, a'immah) is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, and provide religious guidance. Thus for Sunnis, anyone can study ...
According to Twelvers, there is always an Imam of the Age, who is the divinely appointed authority on all matters of faith and law in the Muslim community. Ali was the first Imam of this line, and in the Twelvers' view, the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by male descendants of Muhammad (also known as Hasnain) through his daughter Fatimah.
Khalil Allah II Ali, last imam of Anjudan, 1671–1680. Shah Nizar II, established imamate in Kahak, 1680–1722. Sayyid Ali, in Kahak, 1722–1736. Sayyid Hasan Ali, established imamate in Shahr-e Babak, Kerman, 1736-1747, first Imam who abandoned the practice of taqiyya. Qasim Ali (Sayyid Ja'far), in Kerman, 1747-1756
Ali ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: عَلِيُّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب, romanized: ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib; c. 600–661 CE) was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from 656 CE to 661, as well as the first Shia imam.
[46] [non-primary source needed] This was the only time in history where the Shia Imamate and Caliphate were united after the first Imam, Ali ibn Abi Talib. [citation needed] In parallel with the dynasty's claim of descent from ʻAlī and Fāṭimah, the empire was named "Fatimid".
Twelvers hold that their imams did not receive revelation as prophets did but were still divinely-inspired. [62] Imams were spoken to by angels, [63] but, unlike prophets, could not see the angels. [64] Imams are also said to have inherited certain secret texts, such as Sahifa, Jafr, Jami’a, Mushaf of Fatima. [65]
The first person who professed Islam was his wife, Khadija bint Khuwaylid. The identity of the second male Muslim, after Muhammad himself, is nevertheless disputed largely along sectarian lines, as Shia and some Sunni sources identify him as the first Shia imam Ali ibn Abi Talib , a child at the time, who grew up in the household of his cousin ...