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A sheet of mainly Jurassic limestone fan gravel probably covered most of the vale in the past but has since been eroded away leaving isolated deposits, most notably the Cheltenham Sand, which forms a well-draining light soil in the Cheltenham-Gloucester region. Inferior oolite exposed below Crickley Hillfort on the edge of the Cotswold ...
In the Yorkshire Dales this limestone exposure has led to the formation of large cave systems and watercourses, known as "gills" and "pots". These potholes are more prevalent on the eastern side and are amongst the largest in England; notable examples are the chasms of Gaping Gill , which is over 350 ft (107 m) deep and Rowten Pot , which is ...
Overlain on this bedrock or "solid" geology is a somewhat variable distribution of soils and fragmental material deposited by glaciers (boulder clay, and other forms of glacial drift in the geologically recent past. "Drift" geology is often more important than "solid" geology when considering building works, drainage, siting water boreholes ...
The solubility of the limestone in weakly acidic water has resulted in the development of a wide range of surface karst features such as limestone pavements, dry valleys, sinkholes and resurgences along with very extensive cave networks including the Three Counties System which, with over 86km of known passage, is the longest in the UK. [9]
Evidence from the Brassington Formation suggests that, in the middle and late Miocene (12 to 7 million years ago) a diverse warm-temperate forest grew in the UK. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The oldest Neogene sediments have been reported from Wales and include fossil pollen that shows a subtropical mixed forest once grew on Anglesey . [ 6 ]
These rocks produce thin soils that historically have supported a heathland habitat. The chalk and limestone hills of Purbeck lie atop Britain's largest onshore oil field. The field, operated from Wytch Farm, produces a high-quality oil. Nearby is the world's oldest continuously pumping well at Kimmeridge, which has been in use since the early ...
Carboniferous Limestone – Limestone deposited during the Dinantian Epoch of the Carboniferous Period; Coquina – Sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of fragments of shells; Coral rag – Limestone composed of ancient coral reef material; Chalk – Soft carbonate rock; Fossiliferous limestone – Limestone containing fossils
The Lower Greensand as a broad zone between the brick-patterned chalk (a type of limestone) and the interior large c-shape Weald Clay. Many towns shown are on the Lower Greensand. The Lower Greensand Group is a geological unit present across large areas of Southern England. It was deposited during the Aptian and Albian ages of the Early ...