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Liquid hydrogen also has a much higher specific energy than gasoline, natural gas, or diesel. [12] The density of liquid hydrogen is only 70.85 kg/m 3 (at 20 K), a relative density of just 0.07. Although the specific energy is more than twice that of other fuels, this gives it a remarkably low volumetric energy density, many fold lower.
Data from same reference as for liquid hydrogen. [21] High-pressure tanks weigh much more than the hydrogen they can hold. The hydrogen may be around 5.7% of the total mass, [22] giving just 6.8 MJ per kg total mass for the LHV. See note above about use in fuel cells. Hydrogen, gas (1 atm or 101.3 kPa, 25 °C) 141.86 (HHV) 119.93 (LHV) 0.011 88 ...
Metallic hydrogen (recombination energy) 216 [2] Specific orbital energy of Low Earth orbit (approximate) 33.0: Beryllium + Oxygen: 23.9 [3] Lithium + Fluorine: 23.75 [citation needed] Octaazacubane potential explosive: 22.9 [4] Hydrogen + Oxygen: 13.4 [5] Gasoline + Oxygen –> Derived from Gasoline: 13.3 [citation needed] Dinitroacetylene ...
The liquefied hydrogen has lower energy density by volume than gasoline by approximately a factor of four, because of the low density of liquid hydrogen – there are actually more oxidizable hydrogen atoms in a litre of gasoline (116 grams) than there are in a litre of pure liquid hydrogen (71 grams).
The amount of mass that can be lifted by hydrogen in air per unit volume at sea level, equal to the density difference between hydrogen and air, is: (1.292 - 0.090) kg/m 3 = 1.202 kg/m 3. and the buoyant force for one m 3 of hydrogen in air at sea level is: 1 m 3 × 1.202 kg/m 3 × 9.8 N/kg= 11.8 N
USD/kg USD/L [c] 1: H: Hydrogen: 0.00008988: 1400 (3.878 × 10 19 kg) 1.39: 0.000 125: 2012: DOE Hydrogen [8] [d] 1: 2 H (D) Deuterium: 0.0001667 [10] 13 400: 2.23: 2020: CIL [11] [e] 2: He: Helium: 0.0001785: 0.008 (2.216 × 10 14 kg) 24.0: 0.004 29: 2018: USGS MCS [14] [f] 3: Li: Lithium: 0.534: 20 (5.54 × 10 17 kg) 81.4 – 85.6: 43.4 ...
The National Conference of Weights & Measurements (NCWM) has developed a standard unit of measurement for compressed natural gas, defined in the NIST Handbook 44 Appendix D as follows: "1 Gasoline [US] gallon equivalent (GGE) means 2.567 kg (5.660 lb) of natural gas." [23]
The 2008 Honda FCX Clarity is advertised to have a vehicle consumption of 72 mi/kg-H 2. [87] Hydrogen at atmospheric pressure has an energy density of 120 MJ/kg (113,738 BTU/kg), [88] by converting this energy density to a GGE, it is found that 1.011 kg of hydrogen is needed to meet the equivalent energy of one gallon of gasoline. This ...