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The U.S. Public Health Service’s recommendation is a fluoride concentration of 0.7 mg/L of drinking water—and there were not enough data to determine if 0.7 mg/L of fluoride exposure in ...
Water fluoridation is not mandatory, and while there is a recommended fluoride concentration in drinking water (0.7 milligrams per liter) from the CDC, that level is not an enforceable standard.
Around 73% of the U.S. population, or about 209 million people, have access to fluoridated water, the CDC reported. Fluoride also has been added to oral care products such as toothpaste and mouth ...
The subsequent Minister of Health in 2016 ordered the reintroduction of fluoride to Israel's public drinking water. [84] Due to budgetary constraints, it has never taken effect. [85] Dental health professionals and scholarly journals have noted the steep rise in tooth decay, especially in children due to the removal of fluoride in tap water in ...
Fluoride's suppressive effect on the thyroid is more severe when iodine is deficient, and fluoride is associated with lower levels of iodine. [clarification needed] [31] Thyroid effects in humans were associated with fluoride levels 0.05–0.13 mg/kg/day when iodine intake was adequate and 0.01–0.03 mg/kg/day when iodine intake was inadequate.
Fluoride's effects depend on the total daily intake of fluoride from all sources. [19] About 70–90% of ingested fluoride is absorbed into the blood, where it distributes throughout the body. In infants 80–90% of absorbed fluoride is retained, with the rest excreted, mostly via urine; in adults about 60% is retained.
Water fluoridation, which is the act of adding fluoride to drinking water to reach a recommended level, is designed to help prevent cavities, the ADA explains. The ADA refers to this as a “cost ...
Fluoride therapy is the use of fluoride for medical purposes. [2] Fluoride supplements are recommended to prevent tooth decay in children older than six months in areas where the drinking water is low in fluoride. [3] It is typically used as a liquid, pill, or paste by mouth. [4] Fluoride has also been used to treat a number of bone diseases. [5]