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Pyrolysis occurs during the incineration of trash, potentially generating volatiles that are toxic or contribute to air pollution if not completely burned. Laboratory or industrial equipment sometimes gets fouled by carbonaceous residues that result from coking, the pyrolysis of organic products that come into contact with hot surfaces.
Incineration with energy recovery is one of several waste-to-energy technologies such as gasification, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion. While incineration and gasification technologies are similar in principle, the energy produced from incineration is high-temperature heat whereas combustible gas is often the main energy product from ...
The first US incinerator was built in 1885 on Governors Island in New York, New York. [2] The first waste incinerator in Denmark was built in 1903 in Frederiksberg. [3] The first facility in the Czech Republic was built in 1905 in Brno. [4] Gasification and pyrolysis processes have been known and used for centuries and for coal as early as the ...
Pyrolysis of waste wood and plastics can potentially produce fuel. The solids left from pyrolysis contain metals, glass, sand, and pyrolysis coke which does not convert to gas. Compared to the process of incineration, certain types of pyrolysis processes release less harmful by-products that contain alkali metals, sulphur, and chlorine.
The advantages of the incineration are reduction of volume and mass by burning, reduction to a percentage of sterile ash, source of energy, increase of income by selling bottom ash, and is also environmentally acceptable. The disadvantages of incineration are the following: [1] higher cost and longer payback period due to high capital investment
Technologies can include simple incineration as well as pyrolysis, gasification, and plasma gasification. All of these are able to accommodate mixed and contaminated feedstocks. The main advantage is the reduction in volume of the waste, particularly in densely populated areas lacking suitable sites for new landfills. In many countries ...
Large initial investment costs relative to that of alternatives, including landfill [18] and incineration. Operational costs are high relative to that of incineration. Wet feed stock results in less syngas production and higher energy consumption. Little or even negative net energy production when taking into account all energy inputs.
Incineration works with many types of hazardous waste, including contaminated soil, sludge, liquids, and gases. An incinerator can be built directly at a hazardous waste site, or more commonly, waste can be transported from a site to a permanent incineration facility. [8] The ash and gases leftover from incineration can also be hazardous.