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Childhood-onset nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by severe proteinuria (excess proteins in the urine), hypoalbuminemia (low albumin levels in the blood), and edema (swelling) that affects approximately 2-7 per 100,000 children under 18 years of age annually.
Primary causes of nephrotic syndrome are usually described by their histology: [21] Minimal change disease (MCD): is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. It owes its name to the fact that the nephrons appear normal when viewed with an optical microscope as the lesions are only visible using an electron microscope .
Minimal change disease is characterised as a cause of nephrotic syndrome without visible changes in the glomerulus on microscopy. Minimal change disease typically presents with edema , an increase in proteins passed from urine and decrease in blood protein levels, and an increase in circulating lipids (i.e., nephrotic syndrome ) and is the most ...
Minimal change disease (MCD), also known as lipoid nephrosis or nil disease, among others, is a disease affecting the kidneys which causes nephrotic syndrome. [1] Nephrotic syndrome leads to the loss of significant amounts of protein to the urine (proteinuria), which causes the widespread edema (soft tissue swelling) and impaired kidney function commonly experienced by those affected by the ...
Glomerulonephrosis is a non-inflammatory disease of the kidney presenting primarily in the glomerulus (a glomerulopathy) as nephrotic syndrome.The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and it contains the glomerulus, which acts as a filter for blood to retain proteins and blood lipids.
By contrast, nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria and a constellation of other symptoms that specifically do not include hematuria. [6] Nephritic syndrome, like nephrotic syndrome, may involve low level of albumin in the blood due to the protein albumin moving from the blood to the urine. [7]
FSGS is a leading cause of excess protein loss—nephrotic syndrome—in children and adults in the US. [4] Signs and symptoms include proteinuria and edema . [ 2 ] [ 5 ] Kidney failure is a common long-term complication of the disease.
Congenital nephrotic syndrome is a rare kidney disease which manifests in infants during the first 3 months of life, and is characterized by high levels of protein in the urine (proteinuria), low levels of protein in the blood, and swelling. [1]