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Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (), direction (azimuth and elevation angles), and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It is a radiodetermination method [1] used to detect and track aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, map weather formations, and terrain.
Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a signal processing technique most commonly used in radar systems. It involves adaptive array processing algorithms to aid in target detection. Radar signal processing benefits from STAP in areas where interference is a problem (i.e. ground clutter, jamming, etc.). Through careful application of STAP, it ...
Coverage area size is the area that the system can keep under continuous surveillance from a specific orbit. Well known design principles cause a radar's maximum detection range to depend on the size of its antenna (radar aperture), the amount of power radiated from the antenna, and the effectiveness of its clutter cancellation mechanism.
In addition to radar and lightning detection, observations and extended radar pictures (such as NEXRAD) are now available through satellite data connections, allowing pilots to see weather conditions far beyond the range of their own in-flight systems. Modern displays allow weather information to be integrated with moving maps, terrain, and ...
Pulse-Doppler radar handouts from Introduction to Principles and Applications of Radar course at University of Iowa; Modern Radar Systems by Hamish Meikle (ISBN 1-58053-294-2) Advanced Radar Techniques and Systems edited by Gaspare Galati (ISBN 0-86341-172-X)
In 1951, Carl A. Wiley invented synthetic-aperture radar, which, though distinct from mainstream Doppler radar, was based on Doppler principles, and originally patented as "Pulsed Doppler Radar Methods and Means," #3,196,436. Modern Doppler systems are light enough for mobile ground surveillance associated with infantry and surface ships.
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True radar which provided directional and ranging information, such as the British Chain Home early warning system, was developed over the next two decades. The development of systems able to produce short pulses of radio energy was the key advance that allowed modern radar systems to come into existence.