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  2. Theories of taxation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_taxation

    Several theories of taxation exist in public economics. Governments at all levels (national, regional and local) need to raise revenue from a variety of sources to finance public-sector expenditures. Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations (1776) wrote:

  3. The Wealth of Nations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations

    After the conquest of New France in 1760 during the French and Indian War, Charles Townshend suggested that the American colonists provide help to pay for the war debt by paying an additional tax on tea. During this time, Adam Smith was working for Townshend and developed a relationship with Benjamin Franklin, who played a vital role in the ...

  4. Adam Smith - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 4 January 2025. Scottish economist and philosopher (1723–1790) This article is about the Scottish economist and philosopher. For other people named Adam Smith, see Adam Smith (disambiguation). Adam Smith FRS FRSE FRSA Posthumous Muir portrait, c. 1800 Born c. 16 June [O.S. c. 5 June] 1723 Kirkcaldy ...

  5. Optimal tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_tax

    Optimal tax theory or the theory of optimal taxation is the study of designing and implementing a tax that maximises a social welfare function subject to economic constraints. [1] The social welfare function used is typically a function of individuals' utilities , most commonly some form of utilitarian function, so the tax system is chosen to ...

  6. Classical economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_economics

    Still another position sees two threads simultaneously being developed in classical economics. In this view, neoclassical economics is a development of certain exoteric (popular) views in Adam Smith. Ricardo was a sport, developing certain esoteric (known by only the select) views in Adam Smith.

  7. History of capitalist theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_capitalist_theory

    Adam Smith is often described as the "father of capitalism" (and the "father of economics"). He described his own preferred economic system as "the system of natural liberty ." Smith defined "capital" as stock, and "profit" as the just expectation of retaining the revenue from improvements made to that stock.

  8. Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism...

    Adam Smith. The classical school of economic thought emerged in Britain in the late 18th century. The classical political economists Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Jean-Baptiste Say and John Stuart Mill published analyses of the production, distribution and exchange of goods in a market that have since formed the basis of study for most contemporary economists.

  9. Physiocracy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiocracy

    The ideas of the Physiocrats had an influence on Adam Smith, David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill, and above all Henry George, who appears at first to have come to similar beliefs independently. [18] George was the driving force behind what became known as the Single Tax movement (not to be confused with Flat Tax).