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Monazite is a primarily reddish-brown phosphate mineral that contains rare-earth elements. Due to variability in composition, monazite is considered a group of minerals. [3] The most common species of the group is monazite-(Ce), that is, the cerium-dominant member of the group. [4] It occurs usually in small isolated crystals.
This mineral is typically mined in placer deposits, with gold commonly found as a byproduct. [25] [25] Monazite contains many rare metals such as neodymium cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium, and samarium, making it a critical material for renewable energy devices. [26] [25] Monazite sand and deposits for mining are found in India, Brazil, and ...
The mineral assemblage formed by metamorphism depends on the composition of the parent rock and more importantly, the stability of different minerals at varying temperature and pressure (P-T). A set of mineral assemblages that form under similar temperature and pressure is called a metamorphic facies .
Monazite has characteristics of high closure temperature (>1000 °C), variable composition, and robustness under a large temperature range, which help in the record of geological history in metamorphic rocks. [32] An electron microprobe is usually used for the measurement of monazite composition. [33]
The composition of the lanthanides was about 49% cerium, 33% lanthanum, 12% neodymium, and 5% praseodymium, with some samarium and gadolinium, or distinctly more lanthanum and less neodymium and heavies as compared to commercial monazite. The europium content was at least double that of a typical monazite.
It is the cerium-dominant analogue of monazite-(La), monazite-(Nd), and monazite-(Sm). It is also the phosphorus analogue of gasparite-(Ce). [2] The group contains simple rare earth phosphate minerals with the general formula of AXO 4, where A = Ce, La, Nd, or Sm (or, rarely, Bi
The FDA updated the classification of a recent recall of pancake and waffle mix affecting 11 states. The recall, prompted by potential milk allergen contamination, is officially a Class 1 recall ...
The principal sources of rare-earth elements are the minerals bastnäsite (RCO 3 F, where R is a mixture of rare-earth elements), monazite (XPO 4, where X is a mixture of rare-earth elements and sometimes thorium), and loparite ((Ce,Na,Ca)(Ti,Nb)O 3), and the lateritic ion-adsorption clays.