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Androstadienol, or androsta-5,16-dien-3β-ol, is a 16-androstene class endogenous steroid, pheromone, and chemical intermediate to several other pheromones that is found in the sweat of both men and women. [1] [2]
A pheromone (from Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō) 'to bear' and hormone) is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting like hormones outside the body of the secreting individual, to affect the behavior of the receiving individuals. [ 1 ]
Pheromones are chemical messengers produced and emitted by the body that contribute significantly to interpersonal attraction. [8] The two types of pheromones include signal and primer, each playing a distinct role in human behavior. Signal pheromones act as attractants and repellents; they are classified short-term behavioral pheromones.
It is a pheromone sourced from the African civet. It has a strong musky odor that becomes pleasant at extreme dilutions. [ 2 ] Civetone is closely related to muscone , the principal odoriferous compound found in musk ; the structure of both compounds was elucidated by Leopold Ružička . [ 3 ]
The sex pheromones of female butterflies are mostly mono- or bis-olefinic fatty acids or their esters, fatty alcohols, their esters or the corresponding aldehydes. Male butterflies use a wide range of chemicals as sex pheromones, for example pyrrolizidine alkaloids, terpenes and aromatic compounds such as benzaldehyde.
Trail pheromones are semiochemicals secreted from the body of an individual to affect the behavior of another individual receiving it. Trail pheromones often serve as a multi purpose chemical secretion that leads members of its own species towards a food source, while representing a territorial mark in the form of an allomone to organisms outside of their species. [1]
These chemicals are not biologically active until puberty when sex steroids influence their activity. [5] The activity change during puberty suggests that humans communicate through odors. [4] Several axillary steroids have been described as possible human pheromones: androstadienol, androstadienone, androstenone, androstenol, and androsterone.
The chemical has a pleasant characteristic odor. Besides being a natural constituent of plants, it and its analogs are insect pheromones. In particular, verbenone when formulated in a long-lasting matrix has an important role in the control of bark beetles such as the mountain pine beetle and the Southern pine bark beetle .