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The following is a list of women who have been elected or appointed head of state or government of their respective countries since the interwar period (1918–1939). The first list includes female presidents who are heads of state and may also be heads of government, as well as female heads of government who are not concurrently head of state, such as prime ministers.
She was India's first and, to date, only female prime minister, and a central figure in Indian politics as the leader of the Indian National Congress (INC). She was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India, and the mother of Rajiv Gandhi, who succeeded her in office as the country's prime minister. Gandhi's cumulative ...
In an effort to increase women's participation in politics in India, a 1993 constitutional amendment mandated a randomly selected third of leadership positions at every level of local government to be reserved for women. [168] These political reservation quotas randomly choose one third of cities to implement a women-only election. [169]
This is a list of political offices which have been held by a woman, with details of the first woman holder of each office. It is ordered by country, by dates of appointment. It is ordered by country, by dates of appointment.
Sarah Bartlett Churchwell (born May 27, 1970) is a professor of American Literature and Public Understanding of the Humanities at the School of Advanced Study, University of London, UK. Her expertise is in 20th- and 21st-century American literature and cultural history, especially the 1920s and 1930s.
Post-independence, she remained active in politics, becoming Delhi's first Mayor. [36] Usha Mehta (25 March 1920 – 11 August 2000) was a Gandhian and freedom fighter. [37] She is known for organizing the Congress Radio, an underground radio station, which functioned during the Quit India Movement of 1942. [38]
After the establishment of women's reservations, political participation went from 4-5% to 25-40% among women, and gave millions of women the opportunity to serve as leaders in local government. [23] Odisha , an Indian state, established reservations prior to the 73rd amendment and they had 28,069 women elected in 1992 and 28,595 women in 1997.
Leader of a political party with seats in a provincial legislature – Alexa McDonough (Nova Scotia New Democratic Party) – 1980 [44] [45] [46] Leader of a political party at the federal level – Kathryn Cholette – 1988 [47] Leader of a political party with representation in the House of Commons – Audrey McLaughlin – 1989 [48]