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The following is a list of women who have been elected or appointed head of state or government of their respective countries since the interwar period (1918–1939). The first list includes female presidents who are heads of state and may also be heads of government, as well as female heads of government who are not concurrently head of state, such as prime ministers.
She was India's first and, to date, only female prime minister, and a central figure in Indian politics as the leader of the Indian National Congress (INC). She was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India, and the mother of Rajiv Gandhi, who succeeded her in office as the country's sixth prime minister. Gandhi's ...
After the establishment of women's reservations, political participation went from 4-5% to 25-40% among women, and gave millions of women the opportunity to serve as leaders in local government. [23] Odisha , an Indian state, established reservations prior to the 73rd amendment and they had 28,069 women elected in 1992 and 28,595 women in 1997.
Leader of a political party with seats in a provincial legislature – Alexa McDonough (Nova Scotia New Democratic Party) – 1980 [44] [45] [46] Leader of a political party at the federal level – Kathryn Cholette – 1988 [47] Leader of a political party with representation in the House of Commons – Audrey McLaughlin – 1989 [48]
Leader of the Socialist Group and of any major party – Pauline Green – 1994 [7] Co Vice-President of the European Commission – Loyola de Palacio – 1999 [8] First Vice-President of the European Commission – Margot Wallström – 2004 [9] High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy – Catherine Ashton ...
Women were grappling with issues relating to the scope of women's political participation, women's franchise, communal awards, and leadership roles in political parties. [ 4 ] The 1920s was a new era for Indian women and is defined as 'feminism' that was responsible for the creation of localized women's associations.
Post-independence, she remained active in politics, becoming Delhi's first Mayor. [36] Usha Mehta (25 March 1920 – 11 August 2000) was a Gandhian and freedom fighter. [37] She is known for organizing the Congress Radio, an underground radio station, which functioned during the Quit India Movement of 1942. [38]
They included Purnima Banerjee, a member of the All India Women's Conference; [99] Kamla Chaudhry, a feminist writer and independence activist; [100] Malati Choudhury, an activist in the nationalist movement; [101] Durgabai Deshmukh, an independence activist, lawyer, social worker, and women's rights activist; [102] Kaur, co-founder of the All ...