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Radiation safety: Neutron radiation is a hazard associated with neutron sources, space travel, accelerators and nuclear reactors. Neutron detectors used for radiation safety must take into account the relative biological effectiveness (i.e., the way damage caused by neutrons varies with energy).
Self Powered Neutron Detector (SPND) is a neutron detector used in nuclear fission reactors. It is a compact device extensively used worldwide for mapping of neutron flux , helping the reactor-operators in maintaining the neutron economy .
The detector material is surrounded by a moderator which reduces the kinetic energy of the neutron (slowing down the neutron). Moderated neutrons are commonly called thermal neutrons, [10] and they provide a high probability of interaction with the target material. The following neutron detectors are among the most common types used today:
In experimental and applied particle physics, nuclear physics, and nuclear engineering, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify ionizing particles, such as those produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator. Detectors can measure the ...
It detects ionizing radiation such as alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays using the ionization effect produced in a Geiger–Müller tube, which gives its name to the instrument. [2] In wide and prominent use as a hand-held radiation survey instrument, it is perhaps one of the world's best-known radiation detection instruments.
Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM) was designed to detect traces of radiation emitted from an object passing through a RPM. Gamma radiation is detected, and in some cases complemented by neutron detection when sensitivity for nuclear material is desired. [4]