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Art, Ideology, and Economics in Nazi Germany: The Reich Chambers of Music, Theater, and the Visual Arts. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-4607-4; Thoms, Robert: The Artists in the Great German Art Exhibition Munich 1937–1944, Volume I – painting and printing. Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-937294-01-8.
Arno Breker (19 July 1900 – 13 February 1991) was a German sculptor who is best known for his public works in Nazi Germany, where they were endorsed by the authorities as the antithesis of degenerate art. He was made official state sculptor, and exempted from military service. [1]
Richard Klein (January 7, 1890 – July 31, 1967) [1] was a German artist, known for his work as a medallist from the start of World War I in 1914, [2] and mainly for his work as a favoured artist of the Nazi regime. Klein was director of the Munich School of Applied Arts and was one of Adolf Hitler's favourite painters. [3]
Vienna State Opera, painted by Hitler in 1912. Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945, was also a painter. [1] During his Vienna years (1908–1913) he made his living as a professional artist and produced hundreds of works, but had little commercial success.
The Degenerate Art exhibition (German: Die Ausstellung "Entartete Kunst") was an art exhibition organized by Adolf Ziegler and the Nazi Party in Munich from 19 July to 30 November 1937. The exhibition presented 650 works of art, confiscated from German museums, and was staged in counterpoint to the concurrent Great German Art Exhibition. [1]
Any art that was modern or abstract was considered degenerate. [7] In addition to showcasing this art and labeling it as degenerate art, the Nazi party also provided explanations to the art viewers as to why the art was a lesser form of art. [7] In the 1937 speech, Adolf Hitler mentioned many types of art that the Reich was opposed to.
The "Great German Art Exhibition" was ceremonially opened on July 18, 1937, together with the "House of German Art" building. In the opening speech, Hitler gave a comprehensive presentation of the Nazi understanding of "German art," which would be the only art permitted in public in the future.
The Gottbegnadeten-Liste ("God-gifted list" or "Important Artist Exempt List") was a 36-page list of artists considered crucial to National Socialist culture. The list was assembled in September 1944 by Joseph Goebbels, the head of the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, and Germany's supreme leader Adolf Hitler.