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Hydronephrosis describes hydrostatic dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces as a result of obstruction to urine flow downstream. Alternatively, hydroureter describes the dilation of the ureter, and hydronephroureter describes the dilation of the entire upper urinary tract (both the renal pelvicalyceal system and the ureter).
The renal pelvis or pelvis of the kidney is the funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the kidney. It is formed by the convergence of the major calyces , acting as a funnel for urine flowing from the major calyces to the ureter.
Pyelectasis is a dilation of the renal pelvis. It is a relatively common ultrasound finding in fetuses and is three times more common in male fetuses. In most cases pyelectasis resolves normally, having no ill effects on the baby. The significance of pyelectasis in fetuses is not clear.
The renal calyces (sg. calyx) are conduits in the kidney through which urine passes. The minor calyces form a cup-shaped drain around the apex of the renal pyramids.Urine formed in the kidney passes through a renal papilla at the apex into the minor calyx; four or five minor calyces converge to form a major calyx through which urine passes into the renal pelvis (which in turn drains urine out ...
This is reported to cause collateral flow paths to open up to drain the left kidney i.e. reversed flow (reflux caudally) in the left renal vein. Pelvic Congestion Syndrome, vaginal and vulval varices, lower limb varices are clinical sequelae. Virtually all such patient are female and have been pregnant, often multiply. [citation needed]
In my left kidney, they found a renal lesion consistent with a cyst about 0.4 centimeters in diameter. ... Pelvis and hips. Knees. Ankles. Bony skeleton and soft tissue. Mariana Tuma / Addison ...
The signs and symptoms of NCS are all derived from the outflow obstruction of the left renal vein. The compression causes renal vein hypertension, leading to hematuria (which can lead to anemia) [4] and abdominal pain (classically left flank or pelvic pain). [5] The abdominal pain may improve or worsen depending on positioning. [5]
Grade I – reflux into non-dilated ureter; Grade II – reflux into the renal pelvis and calyces without dilatation; Grade III – mild/moderate dilatation of the ureter, renal pelvis and calyces with minimal blunting of the fornices; Grade IV – dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces with moderate ureteral tortuosity