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Insecticidal soap is used to control many plant insect pests. Soap has been used for more than 200 years as an insect control. [1] Because insecticidal soap works on direct contact with pests via the disruption of cell membranes when the insect is penetrated with fatty acids, the insect's cells leak their contents causing the insect to dehydrate and die. [2]
Aleternaria mali can overwinter as mycelium on dead leaves on the ground, in mechanical injuries in twigs, or in dormant buds. [1] Primary infection occurs about one month after petal fall the following year. [2] The disease is favoured by temperatures between 77 and 86 °F (25–30 °C), and by wet conditions. [1]
Mineral oil is the most used insecticide, both in acrage and in volume. 34,508,857 pounds (15,652,972 kg) of mineral oil was sprayed on 4,543,066 acres (about 1.8 million hectares). 1 to 4% solutions in water are sprayed, which is hundreds of times more than modern synthetic insecticides. Mineral oil is correspondingly cheaper.
Hoplocampa testudinea, the apple sawfly or European apple sawfly, is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. It is native to Europe but has been accidentally introduced into North America where it became invasive. [1] The larvae feed inside the developing fruits of the apple tree.
Trunk injection/endotherapy is currently the most popular method for control of damaging insects, [10] pathogens, [11] [12] and nematodes [13] [14] [15] in landscape tree care. Endotherapy is the concept when treatments using the appropriate material formulation are carried out from the inside out through xylem translocation in the trunk/stem ...
The New York State Agricultural Experiment Station recipe for the concentrate suggests starting with 80 lb. of sulfur, 36 lb. of quicklime, and 50 gal. of water, equivalent to 19.172 kg of sulfur and 8.627 kg of calcium oxide per 100 litres of water. About 2.2:1 is the ratio (by weight) for compounding sulfur and quicklime; this makes the ...