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A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, self-similar design to maximize the effective length, or increase the perimeter (on inside sections or the outer structure), of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume. Such fractal antennas are also referred to as multilevel ...
Sierpiński carpet. 6 steps of a Sierpiński carpet. The Sierpiński carpet is a plane fractal first described by Wacław Sierpiński in 1916. The carpet is a generalization of the Cantor set to two dimensions; another such generalization is the Cantor dust. The technique of subdividing a shape into smaller copies of itself, removing one or ...
Hilbert curve. The Hilbert curve (also known as the Hilbert space-filling curve) is a continuous fractal space-filling curve first described by the German mathematician David Hilbert in 1891, [ 1 ] as a variant of the space-filling Peano curves discovered by Giuseppe Peano in 1890. [ 2 ]
The antenna is the faint rectangle of wires held in tension by the bent X-shaped support frame. Moxon antenna for the 2-meter band. The Moxon antenna or Moxon rectangle is a simple and mechanically rugged two-element parasitic array, single-frequency antenna. [1] It takes its name from the amateur radio operator and antenna handbook author Les ...
Vicsek fractal. Vicsek fractal (5th iteration of cross form) In mathematics the Vicsek fractal, also known as Vicsek snowflake or box fractal, [1][2] is a fractal arising from a construction similar to that of the Sierpiński carpet, proposed by Tamás Vicsek. It has applications including as compact antennas, particularly in cellular phones.
Menger sponge. An illustration of M4, the sponge after four iterations of the construction process. In mathematics, the Menger sponge (also known as the Menger cube, Menger universal curve, Sierpinski cube, or Sierpinski sponge) [1][2][3] is a fractal curve. It is a three-dimensional generalization of the one-dimensional Cantor set and two ...
The square step: For each diamond in the array, set the midpoint of that diamond to be the average of the four corner points plus a random value. Each random value is multiplied by a scale constant, which decreases with each iteration by a factor of 2 −h, where h is a value between 0.0 and 1.0 (lower values produce rougher terrain). [2]
2.4 GHz helical antenna radiation pattern (NEC simulation) The Numerical Electromagnetics Code, or NEC, is a popular antenna modeling computer program for wire and surface antennas. It was originally written in FORTRAN during the 1970s by Gerald Burke and Andrew Poggio of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.