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  2. Grade (slope) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_(slope)

    l = slope length α = angle of inclination. The grade (US) or gradient (UK) (also called stepth, slope, incline, mainfall, pitch or rise) of a physical feature, landform or constructed line is either the elevation angle of that surface to the horizontal or its tangent. It is a special case of the slope, where zero indicates horizontality. A ...

  3. Stream gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_gradient

    Stream gradient (or stream slope) is the grade (or slope) of a stream. It is measured by the ratio of drop in elevation and horizontal distance. [ 1 ] It is a dimensionless quantity , usually expressed in units of meters per kilometer (m/km) or feet per mile (ft/mi); it may also be expressed in percent (%).

  4. Slope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope

    Slope illustrated for y = (3/2)x − 1.Click on to enlarge Slope of a line in coordinates system, from f(x) = −12x + 2 to f(x) = 12x + 2. The slope of a line in the plane containing the x and y axes is generally represented by the letter m, [5] and is defined as the change in the y coordinate divided by the corresponding change in the x coordinate, between two distinct points on the line.

  5. Gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient

    The gradient of F is then normal to the hypersurface. Similarly, an affine algebraic hypersurface may be defined by an equation F(x 1, ..., x n) = 0, where F is a polynomial. The gradient of F is zero at a singular point of the hypersurface (this is the definition of a singular point). At a non-singular point, it is a nonzero normal vector.

  6. Newton's method in optimization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_method_in...

    The geometric interpretation of Newton's method is that at each iteration, it amounts to the fitting of a parabola to the graph of () at the trial value , having the same slope and curvature as the graph at that point, and then proceeding to the maximum or minimum of that parabola (in higher dimensions, this may also be a saddle point), see below.

  7. Adjoint state method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjoint_state_method

    The adjoint state method is a numerical method for efficiently computing the gradient of a function or operator in a numerical optimization problem. [1] It has applications in geophysics, seismic imaging, photonics and more recently in neural networks. [2] The adjoint state space is chosen to simplify the physical interpretation of equation ...

  8. Universal Soil Loss Equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Soil_Loss_Equation

    The LS factors can easily be determined from a slope effect chart by knowing the length and gradient of the slope. The cropping management factor (C) and conservation practices factor (P) are more difficult to obtain and must be determined empirically from plot data. They are described in soil loss ratios (C or P with / C or P without).

  9. Spectral slope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_slope

    In astrophysics and planetary science, spectral slope, also called spectral gradient, is a measure of dependence of the reflectance on the wavelength. In digital signal processing , it is a measure of how quickly the spectrum of an audio sound tails off towards the high frequencies, calculated using a linear regression .