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The majority of FDA-labeled uses of beta 1 blockers target the abnormalities of the heart to treat heart-related disorders including hypertension, heart failure, chronic stable angina, post-myocardial infarction, and decreased left ventricular function after a recent myocardial infarction. [4]
Non-depolarizing blockers are reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs since non-depolarizing blockers are competitive antagonists at the ACh receptor so can be reversed by increases in ACh. The depolarizing blockers already have ACh-like actions, so these agents have prolonged effect under the influence of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
Beta 2 blockers cease action of beta-2 receptor by blocking the receptor and preventing it from being activated. [6] Similar to beta-1 receptor , the activated beta-2 receptor will lead to the detach of alpha subunit of Gs protein and attachment of adenylate cyclase . [ 6 ]
Alpha blockers, also known as α-blockers or α-adrenoreceptor antagonists, are a class of pharmacological agents that act as antagonists on α-adrenergic receptors (α-adrenoceptors). [ 2 ] Historically, alpha-blockers were used as a tool for pharmacologic research to develop a greater understanding of the autonomic nervous system.
Beta blockers vary in their lipophilicity (fat solubility) and in turn in their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and exert effects in the central nervous system. [76] Beta blockers with greater blood–brain barrier permeability can have both neuropsychiatric therapeutic benefits and side effects, as well as adverse cognitive effects ...
Puberty blockers are licensed to treat early-onset puberty in children – but over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in demand for them to be given to children and young ...
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Alpha-1 blocker, blocks alpha receptors and it relaxes the smooth muscles in the bladder. It helps the urine to flow smoothly and it can lessen the pain caused by the bladder pressing on the prostate. [44] [45] Selective alpha-1 blockers are better tolerated than non-selective alpha blockers in the body and therefore works better on BPH. [2]