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Beta blockers are a heart medication, but some docs prescribe it off-label to help with situational anxiety. ... which is way more persistent, can become dysfunctional, and impairs day-to-day ...
A depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent is a form of neuromuscular blocker that depolarizes the motor end plate. [15] An example is succinylcholine. Depolarizing blocking agents work by depolarizing the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber, similar to acetylcholine.
The combination of beta blockers and antihypertensive drugs will work on different mechanism to lower blood pressure. [17] For example, the co-administration of beta-1 blocker atenolol and ACE inhibitor lisinopril could produce a 50% larger reduction in blood pressure than using either drug alone.
Beta blockers vary in their lipophilicity (fat solubility) and in turn in their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and exert effects in the central nervous system. [76] Beta blockers with greater blood–brain barrier permeability can have both neuropsychiatric therapeutic benefits and side effects, as well as adverse cognitive effects ...
Anticholinergics generally have antisialagogue effects (decreasing saliva production), and most produce some level of sedation, both being advantageous in surgical procedures. [8] [9] Until the beginning of the 20th century, anticholinergic drugs were widely used to treat psychiatric disorders. [10]
They work by inhibiting the synthesis, release, or reuptake of the neurotransmitters or by antagonising the receptors on postsynaptic neurones. Their medical uses, mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and contraindications depend on the specific types of adrenergic blockers used, including alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2.
Alpha blockers work by blocking the effect of nerves in the sympathetic nervous system. This is done by binding to the alpha receptors in smooth muscle or blood vessels. [37] α-blockers can bind both reversibly and irreversibly. [2] There are several α receptors throughout the body where these drugs can bind.
Adrenergic antagonists reverse the natural cardiovascular effect, based on the type of adrenoreceptor being blocked. For example, if the natural activation of the α 1 -adrenergic receptor leads to vasoconstriction , an α 1 -adrenergic antagonist will result in vasodilation .